Bacalah teks berikut untuk... - Soal UTBK No.132
132.
Bacalah teks berikut untuk menjawab soal nomor 131 sampai 135!
A Sugar Pill You Know Is Fake
A placebo is a treatment with no active ingredient, such as a sugar pill. For decades, doctors assumed that a placebo works only if the patient believes it is real medicine. Several recent studies challenged that assumption. Patients with chronic back pain were openly told that they were receiving sugar pills, yet after three weeks many reported less pain than patients who received no pills at all.
Researchers suggest that the ritual of treatment itself may matter: taking a pill at set times, visiting a clinic, and expecting to improve can change how the brain processes pain. However, the effect appeared mainly in symptoms that patients report themselves, such as pain or fatigue. Measurements such as the size of a tumor or the level of blood sugar did not improve.
Critics also note that patients in these studies knew whether they were receiving pills, so their reports may have been influenced by wanting to please the researchers. Even supporters agree that an honest placebo should never replace treatment that is known to work.
According to paragraph 2, the honest placebo appeared to work mainly on...
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: Paragraf kedua menyatakan efek terutama muncul pada gejala yang dilaporkan sendiri, seperti nyeri dan kelelahan, sedangkan ukuran tumor dan kadar gula darah tidak membaik.
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