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TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 13
TOEFL-ITP
TOEFL ITP - Reading Comprehension
137. Read the following passage, then answer the question below.
About a quarter of the Netherlands lies below sea level, and much of the country's fertile land was once under water. The Dutch have spent roughly a thousand years pushing back the sea. Their central tool is the polder, a tract of low land enclosed by dikes and kept dry by pumping out excess water. Beginning in the fifteenth century, thousands of windmills lifted water over the dikes into canals, and entire lakes were turned into farmland.
The twentieth century brought larger ambitions and larger lessons. In 1932, a thirty-kilometer dam closed off a shallow sea inlet, creating a freshwater lake, and engineers drained parts of the lake to form new land that eventually became a province. Then, in 1953, a severe storm combined with a high tide broke through dikes in the southwest and killed more than eighteen hundred people. The disaster led to the Delta Works, a system of dams, gates, and barriers that took decades to complete and is still regarded as one of the great engineering projects of the century.
Today the Dutch face a subtler problem. Draining peat soils exposes them to air, and the soil decays and sinks, so some land is lower than it was a century ago. Rising seas and heavier rainfall add to the pressure. Rather than simply building higher dikes, planners increasingly give water room to move. In the 'Room for the River' program, completed in 2015, dikes were moved back from some rivers, and fields were lowered to serve as floodplains in times of high water. The change reflects a shift in thinking: after centuries of trying to control water, the Dutch are learning to live with it.
What can be inferred about drained peat soils?
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: Pengeringan membuat gambut terkena udara, membusuk, dan turun sehingga sebagian lahan lebih rendah daripada seabad lalu.
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