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TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 13
TOEFL-ITP
TOEFL ITP - Reading Comprehension
128. Read the following passage, then answer the question below.
To many people, a fire sweeping across a prairie looks like pure destruction. Yet ecologists have long known that grasslands depend on fire. Without it, many would gradually become forests. The reason lies in how plants are built. A tree sapling keeps its growing tissue at the tips of its branches, high above the ground, so a fast-moving fire can kill it. Grasses, by contrast, keep their growing points at or below the soil surface, where the flames pass over them quickly. A few weeks after a burn, the grass sprouts again, often more vigorously than before.
Fire does more than hold back trees. It clears the dead stems and leaves that build up over several seasons and shade out young plants. It also returns nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium to the soil in the form of ash, and the blackened ground warms quickly in spring, which encourages early growth. Grazing animals, in turn, are drawn to the fresh green shoots on burned patches, creating a mosaic of heavily grazed and untouched areas that supports a wide variety of insects, birds, and small mammals.
The consequences of removing fire became clear in the twentieth century. When settlers in the American Great Plains suppressed prairie fires to protect homes and crops, eastern red cedar trees began to spread across land that had been open grass for thousands of years. As the woody plants advanced, the habitat of grassland birds shrank. In response, land managers now carry out prescribed burns, fires lit deliberately under controlled conditions. The practice is not without difficulty. Smoke affects nearby towns, and a change in the wind can turn a planned burn into a dangerous fire. Yet many managers argue that the risk of doing nothing is greater.
What effect did woody plants have on grassland birds?
Jawaban: D
Pembahasan: Ketika tumbuhan berkayu maju, habitat burung padang rumput menyusut.
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