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TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 12
TOEFL-ITP
TOEFL ITP - Reading Comprehension
93. Read the following passage, then answer the question below.
At its height in the fifteenth century, the Inca Empire stretched along the Andes for thousands of kilometers, across some of the most rugged terrain on Earth. Its rulers had no wheeled vehicles, no horses, and no written language in the European sense. What they had instead was one of the largest road systems the premodern world produced. Two main routes ran along the coast and through the highlands, linked by hundreds of connecting paths. Where slopes were steep, engineers cut stone steps; where rivers blocked the way, they suspended bridges made of woven grass.
The roads were designed for walkers and llama caravans rather than for carts, which is one reason they climbed directly up mountainsides instead of winding gently around them. At regular intervals stood a waystation called a tambo, where officials stored food, cloth, and weapons. This network made possible a relay system of runners, known as chasquis, who carried messages and small goods from one station to the next. Because each runner covered only a short stretch at full speed, news could cross the empire far faster than any single traveler could manage.
The roads served the state first. Armies marched on them, and officials used them to collect labor and goods from conquered provinces. Yet they also encouraged exchange among ordinary communities, and some historians suggest that the pathways helped spread the Quechua language. Remarkably, parts of the system survive. Each year villagers in the Cusco region still rebuild a rope bridge over a canyon, as their ancestors did, by braiding grass into thick cables. The ceremony is not mere nostalgia; it keeps alive a skill that no manual ever recorded.
Why did the roads climb directly up mountainsides?
Jawaban: A
Pembahasan: Jalan dirancang untuk pejalan kaki dan kafilah llama, bukan gerobak, sehingga tidak perlu berkelok landai.
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