23.

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How to Write a Good Summary

A summary is a short version of a longer text. It includes only the most important ideas, written in your own words. Writing a good summary is a useful skill for students because it helps them study and remember what they read. Follow these steps.

Step 1: Read the whole text. Read it once without taking notes to understand the general meaning. Then read it again slowly, paying attention to the title, headings, and the first sentence of each paragraph, because they often contain the main idea.

Step 2: Mark the key points. Underline or highlight only the sentences that carry the main ideas. Be careful: if you highlight almost everything, you have not selected anything. A good rule is to mark no more than one sentence for each paragraph.

Step 3: Write in your own words. Put the text aside and write the key points in your own sentences. Do not copy phrases from the original, except for technical terms that cannot be changed. Connect the points with words such as however, because, and as a result.

Step 4: Keep it short. A summary is usually about one quarter of the original length or less. Remove examples, repeated ideas, and unnecessary details.

Step 5: Check your work. Compare the summary with the original. Ask yourself: Did I leave out any main idea? Did I add my own opinion? A summary should never include opinions that the author did not state.

A student's summary of a 400-word article is 300 words and includes her own opinion. Which advice from the text does she NOT follow?