Navigasi
Soal 103 / 140
TOEFL-ITP
▼
TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 01 103 / 140
TOEFL-ITP
🔒 Anda sedang melihat pratinjau soal
Login untuk ikuti tryout lengkap dengan timer, simpan jawaban, dan lihat skor akhir Anda.
Masuk dengan Google — Gratis
TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 01
TOEFL-ITP
TOEFL ITP - Reading Comprehension
103. Read the following passage, then answer the question below.
Classical economics assumes that people weigh gains and losses by their size alone: finding fifty dollars should please a person exactly as much as losing fifty dollars displeases them. Experiments by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in the 1970s cast doubt on this assumption. They found that the pain of losing an item is roughly twice as strong as the pleasure of gaining an equivalent one, a pattern they called loss aversion.
Loss aversion helps to explain a number of behaviors that seem irrational at first glance. In one well-known study, half of a group of students were given coffee mugs, while the others received nothing. When owners were asked how much they would accept to give up their mugs, they named prices about twice as high as what non-owners were willing to pay. The mere fact of ownership, researchers concluded, had increased the mug's value in its owner's eyes, an effect termed the endowment effect. Investors show a similar bias when they hold on to falling stocks for too long, since selling would turn a paper loss into a real one.
Critics, however, note that laboratory results do not always carry over to everyday decisions. People who trade goods regularly, such as experienced dealers, display little endowment effect, which suggests that the bias may weaken with experience. Some economists therefore treat loss aversion not as a universal law but as a tendency whose strength depends on context. Nevertheless, businesses have been quick to exploit it: free trials, for instance, encourage customers to treat a product as already theirs, so canceling feels like a loss. Whether such tactics are clever or manipulative is a question the research itself cannot settle.
The word 'equivalent' in the passage is closest in meaning to
Jawaban: B
Pembahasan: Equivalent berarti setara nilainya.
Paket soal lain di kategori ini
Lanjut latihan dengan paket lain yang sejenis.
Soal lain yang bisa kamu coba
Pilihan acak dari kategori yang sama.
- Read the following passage, then answer the question below.In the 1930s, the Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky st. TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 08 · Soal 138 · TOEFL ITP - Reading Comprehension
- Read the following passage, then answer the question below.When a snowstorm hits a city, the price of a ride-. TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 07 · Soal 119 · TOEFL ITP - Reading Comprehension
- Listen to the short conversation, then answer the question.How does the woman explain the crowd? TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 08 · Soal 8 · TOEFL ITP - Listening Part A
- Listen to the talk, then answer the question.What does the speaker mean by curtain walls? TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 08 · Soal 49 · TOEFL ITP - Listening Part C
- Read the following passage, then answer the question below.When a snowstorm hits a city, the price of a ride-. TOEFL ITP Preparation - Paket 07 · Soal 111 · TOEFL ITP - Reading Comprehension
Kategori terkait
Paket dari kategori yang masih satu rumpun.
Mungkin kamu juga tertarik
Matematika STIS - Paket 01
Seleksi Lanjutan Sekolah Kedinasan STIS
40 soal · 95 menit
Lihat Bank Soal
Seleksi Kompetensi Tambahan Tendik (Administrasi Perkantoran) - Paket 05
Seleksi Kompetensi Tambahan Administrasi Perkantoran
75 soal · 70 menit
Lihat Bank Soal